Comparing trends in tuberculosis mortality and vaccination rates in Brazil: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
- Authors:
- Autor USP: MA, GWANG HYEON - FCF
- Unidade: FCF
- Subjects: TUBERCULOSE; COVID-19; PANDEMIAS; MORTALIDADE; VACINAÇÃO
- Language: Inglês
- Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite significant progress in TB control, the COV1D-19 pandemic introduced new challenges, including disruptions in healthcare services. This study examines the impact of the pandemic on TB incidents, mortality, and vaccination rates in Brazil, shedding light on critical public health trends. OBJECT: The objective of this study is to analyze trends in TB incidents, mortality, and vaccination rates in Brazil before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using publicly available up-to-date demographic data, the research aims to understand how the pandemic affected TB control efforts and to provide insights into the broader public health context. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive ecological study analyzed data from January 2011 to December 2022, drawing from public domain databases provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Key data points include BCG vaccination coverage, TB incidents, TB-related deaths, and population size. Furthermore, Microsoft Office Excel software was used for data management and analysis. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out through graphical plots. RESULTS: BCG vaccination coverage in Brazil declined from 2011 to 2018 but drastically dropped from 2018 to 2021. A slight recovery was observed in 2022, but concerns remain about falling vaccination rates. TB incidence remained stable until 2016, followed by a significant increase until 2019. There was a noticeable decrease in TB incidence in 2020, followed by a sharp increase in 2021 and 2022, reaching a six-figure number of new cases in 2022. TB mortality rates gradually decreased until 2020 but surgedsignificantly in 2021, with approximately 9% more deaths compared to the previous year. CONCLUSION: The study reveals the profound impact of the COVED-19 pandemic on TB control efforts in Brazil. The drop in TB notifications during the pandemic indicates potential delays in diagnosis and treatment, and prevention is vital to protect public health and work towards global TB elimination. Further research is needed to explore specific factors contributing to the changes in TB incidence and mortality during the pandemic and to develop targeted strategies for mitigating such crises impact on TB control. In the face of evolving public health challenges, a continued commitment to TB control is essential to ensure the health and well-being of the population in Brazil and globally
- Imprenta:
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ABNT
MA, Gwang Hyeon. Comparing trends in tuberculosis mortality and vaccination rates in Brazil: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. 2023. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) – Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2023. Disponível em: https://bdta.abcd.usp.br/directbitstream/6a5e6509-412f-4e62-a4fd-dc2fbbe17095/TCC_Gwang_Hyeon_Ma_%281%29_%281%29.pdf. Acesso em: 22 mar. 2025. -
APA
Ma, G. H. (2023). Comparing trends in tuberculosis mortality and vaccination rates in Brazil: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. Recuperado de https://bdta.abcd.usp.br/directbitstream/6a5e6509-412f-4e62-a4fd-dc2fbbe17095/TCC_Gwang_Hyeon_Ma_%281%29_%281%29.pdf -
NLM
Ma GH. Comparing trends in tuberculosis mortality and vaccination rates in Brazil: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. 2023 ;[citado 2025 mar. 22 ] Available from: https://bdta.abcd.usp.br/directbitstream/6a5e6509-412f-4e62-a4fd-dc2fbbe17095/TCC_Gwang_Hyeon_Ma_%281%29_%281%29.pdf -
Vancouver
Ma GH. Comparing trends in tuberculosis mortality and vaccination rates in Brazil: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. 2023 ;[citado 2025 mar. 22 ] Available from: https://bdta.abcd.usp.br/directbitstream/6a5e6509-412f-4e62-a4fd-dc2fbbe17095/TCC_Gwang_Hyeon_Ma_%281%29_%281%29.pdf
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